【Abstract】 Objective To study the effect of meteorological factors on rats density by Response surface methodology（RSM） based on correlation and regression analysis. Methods The meteorological factors and rats density were monitored continuously. A response surface model was made by the correlation and regression analysis of them. Results Linear regression analysis（P＜0.030）indicated that monthly average minimum temperature， sunshine time and precipitation were the main influence factors， and the multiple correlation coefficient was 0.716. However， RSM suggested that monthly average minimum temperature（P＝0.003）, precipitation square（P＝0.059）， interaction of monthly minimum temperature and sunshine（P＝0.027） affected mostly the density of rats， and its multiple correlation coefficient was 0.761. Conclusion The effect of meteorological factors on the rats density could be evaluated by RSM model.  This model was superior to linear regression model. The effect of meteorological factors on rats density was resulted from multiple factors and their interaction.